Camera Controls
Scope:            The function of all typical camera controls -- focus, shutter, f/stop, flash synchronization, light metering, loading and unloading, depth-of-field, mirror lockup, tripod mounting, cable releases, types of lenses and their uses will be discussed.  Relative cost merits of equipment also will be addressed.

Objective:            The student should be able to make decisions about choosing equipment and to understand its’ functions for his needs.  The student should also be able to understand how proper exposures are made and how best to use the equipment available to gain the best possible rendition of the scene, as he observes it.

Film And Film Choices
Scope:            Most formats and types of films will be covered.  Also, the nature of film and its application to the problems of law enforcement photography.  Cost factoring in film use and case need will be covered.

Objective:            The student should be able to understand film qualities and choices for the problems encountered in various forensic applications.  The student should, therefore, be a better decision -maker on purchasing for specific departmental needs.

Camera Calibration And Integration
Scope:            The interrelationship of light controls and flash controls and how to test them, as well as light metering devices, will be discussed.  General rules of thumb in the event of equipment failure will be given.

Objective:            The student should be better enabled to get quality exposures using the various lighting techniques that are needed for the subject at hand.  With the knowledge gained, the student should be able to test both the equipment and himself.

EXERCISE: CAMERA CONTROLS & EXPOSURE
Scope:            Using the discussions, handouts and visual examples previously held, the student will make a series of exposures that will graphically demonstrate variable exposure sensitivity, depth of field control, and motion control.  These will be done to the approval of the instructor.

Objective:            As a result of the lecture and exercises the student should be able to use depth of field to their advantage and apply it according to need.  The student should, also, be able to make value judgments as to the need to control either subject or camera motion (or both) and then achieve a proper exposure accordingly.

Flash Equipment:
Scope:            All types of electronic flash (typically - manual, power divider, auto, dedicated and TTL Auto) will be discussed.  Various types of lighting techniques will be discussed.  Exposure determination will be discussed.

Objective:            The student should be able to understand flash equipment, its function and the nature of light.  The student be able to gain proper flash exposures using a variety of flash types and. methods

EXERCISE: MUG SHOT & CALIBRATION
Scope:            The student will perform calibration tests on the camera and flash equipment available to him.

Objective:            Through a class critique by the instructor the student should gain corrective knowledge and insight on the equipment used.  The student is then better able to check its future operational abilities.  He also should get "camera familiar" for further following practical exercises.

EXERCISE: PAINTING WITH LIGHT
Scope:            The student will use instant film to expose and get familiar with the techniques and problems of painting with light/multiple open flash photography.  This will be used both indoors and out.  He will use his own flash equipment.

Objective:         The student will become familiar with his equipment for the painting with light technique and will be able to understand and perform the technique as required for accidents, crime scenes and close-up photography.  Immediate critique is offered through the use of instant film which aids in instant recall and corrective action on the part of the student.

The previous four topics are looked on as “core knowledge” for imaging.  This information must be known before any meaningful education can take place in the more specific, forensic modules.

Accordingly, the following modules require the core knowledge of camera basics as well as basic and advanced flash.  If attendees do not have this knowledge, a less than quality learning experience is to be expected.

Light & Color Theory
Scope:            The student will be given a lecture with hand-outs and visual demonstrations that will form a core of knowledge to be used in future classes that will deal with using the color of light, the applications of filters and the sensitivities of film to achieve a desired end result.

Objective:            As a result of the module, the student should have a conversational understanding and knowledge of light physics and color theory.  The student should, then, be able to apply this knowledge to future discussions, exercises and, ultimately, case-work.

General Crime Scene
Scope:            The techniques that are used for crime scenes of various types will be discussed.

Objective:            The student should know what types of photographs to take at crime scenes and the techniques that are needed to take them.

Investigative Technique
Scope:            Discussion of case types and photo benefits to cases that are investigated will be done.  Particular applications will be elaborated on.

Objective:            To make the student cognizant of the needs of particular types of cases and aware of the value of quality imagery in case work.

Note Taking
Scope:            The necessity of proper photographic notes for photography and case use will be discussed.

Objective:            The student should know how imaging notes should be made and the ramifications of them.

EXERCISE: CRIME SCENE
Scope:            Through the use of a live model and realistic makeup, a mock crime scene is created.  The student will use the knowledge gained through class and, with instructor supervision at the scene, photograph then scene to the satisfaction of the instructor.  Most of the student's equipment and most of the techniques discussed will be used on various types of evidence.  There will be overall , medium and close-up imagery made by each student.

Objective:            The creation of psychological pressure, through the use of a live model and realistic makeup (coupled with time limitations imposed), will duplicate (as much as possible) the stress of an actual crime scene.  Under this stress, the student should perform and obtain photographs that will be critiqued.  Through the mistakes pointed out and the modification of techniques discussed, the student should be able to better perform at an actual crime scene. The student should gain confidence in both their abilities and their equipment.  The student should also realize any equipment limitations that they have and how to overcome them.

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Scope:            The photographic problems of day and night accident investigations will be discussed.  The use of this imagery in accident reconstruction will also be examined.

Objective:            The student should be able to properly make images (and decisions about image-making) in an accident investigation.  He should also realize the value of photographs for court and the applications of imagery for accident reconstruction and safety demonstration.

EXERCISE: ACCIDENT
Scope:            The student will expose film of a simulated accident scene using the lenses and flash techniques discussed.

Objective:            The student will be critiqued on the film by the instructor and gain further knowledge of his equipment and techniques through discussion.

Fire Scene & Arson Imaging
Scope:            The class will discuss what to look for and how to investigate, image and plan their fire and suspected arson cases.

Objective:            The students should be able to understand the problems of fire and suspected arson imaging and be able to perform adequately in the field.

Rapes And Assaults
Scope:            Both the imaging and the psychological problems of this type of investigation will be discussed as well as the tact and diplomacy that must accompany living victim imaging.

Objective:            The student should realize the technical and psychological problems that are associated with this type of imaging and should be able to perform professionally as a result.

Mug Shots
Scope:            The making of mug shots and booking images will be discussed relating to film and equipment choices.  Format and cost factoring will be discussed also.  The use of any type of photo line up will also be discussed.

Objective:            The student should be able to judge how to correctly make booking and photo line up images as well as be able to make quality decisions on equipment and film.

Autopsy Imaging
Scope:            The student will be given procedural information for obtaining images that are both illustrative and professional in appearance.  The lecture will contain handouts and will be graphically illustrated.

Objective:            The student should become more aware of the need to provide quality imaging and the very little extra that it takes to make these images professional.  The student’s future images should, therefore, be  more palatable to a jury.

Aerial Reconnaissance Imaging
Scope:            The student will be given a lecture, with discussion and visuals (as well as hand-outs), on the planning and problems encountered doing small format aerial imaging.

Objective:            As a result of the lecture, discussions, and hand-outs the student should be able to choose both the equipment and film (if photography is the medium) for a given reconnaissance.  The student should then be able to further plan with the aircrew for that mission.

Surveillance Photography
Scope:            The planning and equipping as well as the techniques needed for day or night surveillance imaging will be discussed.  This will include conventional films, special purpose films, light amplification and digital imaging.  Also, decision making and associated costs will be covered.

Objective:            The student should be able to plan, equip and operate both day and night surveillance imaging operations.

EXERCISE: SURVEILLANCE
Scope:            The student will use the techniques discussed and image in different lighting conditions for both day and low light.

Objective:            The student will be critiqued on techniques and problems encountered and through this gain confidence in his abilities in surveillance.  The limitations of equipment, film and techniques will be graphically demonstrated.  The result should be more authoritative decision making and increased performance.

Close-Up Photography
Scope:            The problems encountered in equipment and film choice and usage, (as well as technique for desired end product), for any type of close-up photography will be discussed.  Also, the cost factoring of equipment and its limitations will be covered.

Objective:            The student should be know the techniques and equipment needed, the limitations of the equipment, and the approximate costing of these items for close-up photography of all kinds.  The student should be able to get quality close-up imaging within the limitations of the equipment at hand.

EXERCISE: CLOSE-UP (Small Evidence, Footprints, Toolmarks, Fingerprints)
Scope:            The student will properly photograph the above mentioned subjects using the techniques and knowledge gained in class.

Objective:            The student will be critiqued and should realize the limitations of his equipment and techniques.  He should then be able to graphically see how to correct any problems and improve his imaging for investigative and court usage.

Public Relations & Portraiture
Scope:            Lectures hand-outs and graphical demonstration of technique will be used to build a knowledge of these "non-forensic" fields.  Emphasis will be on simple and fast so as not to overwhelm the student.

Objective:            Given adequate equipment, the student should be able to adequately perform public relations photography to a nearly "professional" level.  If the needed equipment is not available, the student should be able to articulate his needs for said equipment. The student should gain enough knowledge to "think quickly and do" when the occasion presents itself

Document Imaging
Scope:            Lectures, graphic demonstrations and discussions with hand-outs will be given. Depending on course length, practical exercises may be done using both rudimentary and sophisticated equipment and procedures.

Objective:            As a result of the course (the length of time and the selection of modules that may be used to present it), the student should be able to adequately image a variety of subjects using a variety of techniques.  The student should be able to choose the best equipment for the task at hand as well as the film (if that is to be the media).  Quality judgments should be able to be made on quality of work performed by the student and others based on the presented knowledge.

EXERCISE: DOCUMENT IMAGING
Scope:            Numerous practical exercises may be developed, depending on the course length and student needs.  These may be in the form of using various filters for white light, (or infrared & ultraviolet), close-up equipment and various lighting techniques for a given document need.

Objective:            The student should come away from any practical exercise with both an understanding of how and why do it to do as well as why it works.  The student gain the confidence to easily master any document imaging problem that may present itself in the future.

White Light Filter Usage
Scope:      The student will be given hand-outs and a lecture, with visuals, that will explain the use and application of contrast filters (used in black and white imagery), color balancing filters (used in color imagery) and polascreens.

Objective:      As a result of the lecture, the student should be able to make judgments on appropriate application of contrast and color balancing filters and also be able to perform or supervise the appropriate imaging, when called for.  The student should also be able to use Polascreens to advantage in various applications

EXERCISE: White Light Filter Usage
Scope:      Having had the lecture (with reference material) and being given a set of filters (with subject matter and film), the student will  perform contrast enhancements and color drops on various documents.  The student also will do proper color balancing for the lighting and film combinations that will be encountered as well as proficiently use polascreens for illustrative advantage on various subject matter.

Objective:      The student should gain a confidence in using the noted filters for various applications and should be able to easily produce specific enhancements and corrections to imagery, both in class and in the work-place, as needed.

Infrared Imaging
Scope:      The student will be given hand-outs and a lecture with visuals that will explain the phenomenon of both infrared reflective and luminescent imaging.  Typical forensic applications for each type of imaging will be discussed.

Objective:      As a result of the lecture, the student should be able to make judgments on appropriate application of the two techniques and also be able to perform or supervise the appropriate imaging, when called for.

EXERCISE: INFRARED IMAGING
Scope:            The student will expose infrared film using both reflected and luminescent techniques and different infrared filters.  Document and surveillance techniques will be used.

Objective:      To familiarize the student with the procedures needed for infrared usage for different procedures and, therefore, make him more confident and knowledgeable in the techniques that are required.

Ultraviolet Imaging
Scope:      The student will be given hand-outs and a lecture with visuals that will explain the phenomenon of both reflective and fluorescent ultraviolet imaging.  Typical forensic applications for each type of imaging will be discussed.

Objective:      As a result of the lecture, the student should be able to make judgments on appropriate application of the two techniques and also be able to perform the appropriate imaging, when called for.

EXERCISE: Ultraviolet Imaging
Scope:            Given the appropriate filters, lighting equipment and subject material and having had the lecture, etc. the student will image the given subjects using the proper safety and imaging procedures.  The student’s work will be critiqued for improvement, further understanding and ultimate improvement.

Objective:            The practical exercises should reinforce the lecture knowledge and give the student both a better understanding of procedure and a better confidence level relating to their ability to perform using the ultraviolet spectrum.

Alternate Light Sources, Lasers & Filters
Scope:            Lecture, discussion and graphical demonstration materials, with hand-outs, will be used to demonstrate the uses of these lighting devices and their applications to forensic needs.  Traditional and digital imaging methods will be shown and discussed.  Chemical enhancements of latent prints and the safety precautions for the use of these items will be addressed.

Objective:            The student should learn the personal and environmental safety requirements for use of the various pieces of equipment.  As a result of the module the student should be able to experiment and do quality imaging using these light sources.  They should also be able to make value judgments on the choice of equipment and choice of chemical enhancers for latent visualization as well.

EXERCISE: Alternate Light Sources, Lasers & Filters
Scope:            Depending on class length, etc., the student will chemically enhance typical evidence items (or have same given for use).  They will then illuminate and image these by using various types of imaging equipment and various types of lighting equipment and filters.

Objective:            The student should become both familiar with the equipment and confident in their abilities to use them.  By producing images by various means, they should be enabled to increase their performance back at the work-place and make quality judgments equipment needs for now and in the future.

Black-And-White Darkroom
Scope:            Lecture (with discussion), demonstration, and visual illustrations will be used to provide the student with a core of knowledge that will form a basis to progress into both Black and White darkroom work as well as color.

Objective:            As a result of the classroom work, the student should be able to adequately perform in Black and White darkroom to both develop film and then to print the negatives gained.  The student should be able to understand, and use, various reference material that can assist in that endeavor.  The knowledge gained should prepare the student for advancement to color film processing and printing.

EXERCISE: Black-And-White Darkroom
Scope:            The student will mix chemistry and develop a variety of black-and-white films that he has exposed for normal and specialized processes.  He then will print them using proper printing procedures for the subject matter photographed.

Objective:            By being exposed to proper black-and-white darkroom procedures the student should become more confident in the basics of good black-and-white negative development and printing techniques for quality.  The student, therefore should improve the quality of images used by their department.

Color Darkroom
Scope:            The knowledge of Black and White darkroom work will be expanded on through lecture and graphic demonstration.  The use of viewing filters and color correction will be heavily emphasized.

Objective:            The student should gain the knowledge needed to be comfortable in color negative printing and knowledgeable in negative film processing.  The knowledge should suffice to begin a self teaching process through doing.  This should occur either in a practical exercise, or back "on the job".

EXERCISE: COLOR DARKROOM
Scope:            Given the lecture, the student will print a variety of negatives from the practical exercises he has performed.  He should gain basic knowledge of color negative printing procedures and color corrections.

Objective:            The student will be exposed to proper color darkroom procedures and should become knowledgeable of the basics of good color negative and print quality. The student, therefore, should become more confident in their abilities and improve the quality of images used by their department.

Laboratory Quality Control
Scope:            Lecture, graphical demonstration, lecture and handouts will be used to have the student gain an understanding of the procedures, economics and environmental necessities of a professional quality control program in both black and white and color.

Objective:            As a result of the lecture and any practical exercises held (the P.E.'s are course length dependent) the student should be able to understand and perform necessary quality control procedures for both color and black and white laboratory work.  It is expected that the student should then be able to operate a laboratory more efficiently from a standpoint of time and money.

EXERCISE: Laboratory Quality Control
Scope:            Various practical exercises can be developed to train the student to understand how, and why, quality control is a valuable asset to an imaging laboratory.  A student should be able to be trained to operate, as well as calibrate, various instruments that will enable a quality control process to be applied to laboratory processing and printing machines.

Objective:            The exercises developed should reinforce the lecture and build confidence in the student's ability to use given equipment in the work-place.  The application of the learned techniques should enable a more efficient (time and money) laboratory when the student returns to the work-place.

Technology For The “90’s”
Scope:            Through the use of lecture, discussion and extensive use of graphics for demonstration, the student will be exposed to the various presentation technologies that apply, or may apply, to courtroom presentations and case-work.  The efficiencies, in time and budget, as well as transportability of the presentations will be discussed.

Objective:            Those in attendance should gain an insight that will enable them to make quality value judgments on presentation technologies that are now available, or will be in the near future.  Those judgments will be based on image quality, product costs and time efficiencies as well as storage and transport issues.  The student should learn the "work-arounds" that can be done to enable the use of the technologies of today without having to wait for the budget of tomorrow.

Electronic Imaging Overview - Administrators
Scope:            A lecture with demonstrations, visuals and hand outs on the subject matter will be given.

Objective:            Those in attendance should gain a conversational knowledge of the tools of an electronic imaging laboratory.  They should also be able to realize the requirements for training, and budget, if one has such a laboratory.  Further, they should realize the possibilities, and shortfalls, of any envisioned electronic systems and be enabled to converse intelligently about them.

Electronic Imaging Overview - Technical
Scope:            Depending on course length and resources, the student will be familiarized with both hardware and software that will allow both quality electronic imaging systems design work as well as quality image production and storage.  All of this will be done with a minimum of formal lecture and a maximum of hands-on experience.  Visuals and hand-outs will be used extensively.

Objective:            The student should be able to make quality judgments on hardware and software needs to enable quality and efficiency in an electronic imaging laboratory.  The student should be able to explain the imaging processes and the enhancements or manipulations that can be achieved.  It is expected that the course will better prepare the student for courtroom testimony as well as image production.  Additionally, the student should be able to do quality planning for system design and integration.

EXERCISE: Electronic Imaging Overview - Technical
Scope:            Depending on course length and resources, the student will use both hardware and software that will allow quality judgments to be made about electronic imaging systems and their efficiencies.  Various imaging systems and hardware configurations will be used.  The student will produce images from these various sources and platforms through various output devices.  Various storage devices will be used as well.