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Briefly, a forensic document examiner can assist in the examination investigation or comparison documents that are in dispute or might become so. These are sometimes known as questioned documents.
The types of forensic document examinations that can be done by physical examination are varied. They all are, generally, related to proving (or disproving) common authorship, or, to demonstrate some manner of document falsification or alteration. Aging of a document by inks, papers and type faces used and method of creation is done as well.
These examinations are generally done by some visual means. The written reports (or findings) of these examinations are generally used by lawyers. If the lawyer, then, wishes to pursue the issue further in a court of law, the report is generally testified to by the examiner using exhibits of the visual findings.
Non-destructive, restorative techniques for documents that have aged (and faded) or that have been obliterated by stains or pigments are done as well. Through imaging methods, fire damaged documents may, also, be fully or partially restored to a more readable and much more stable state.
Some of the typical documents that are disputed might be:
- Wills
- Deeds
- Codicils
- Checks
- Bills of sale or Contractual Documents
- Medical Records
- Credit Card Documents
- Time Cards
- Anonymous Notes
- Insurance Documents
- Other Legal Documents - both governmental and non-governmental
- Ransom notes and hold-up notes, etc.
- Graffiti
Some typical types of examinations might be:
- Comparing known handwriting for common authorship with unknown writing
- Examination for signs of alteration within a document
- Examining for insertions, substitutions, etc., in a document
- Typewriter and checkwriter identification
- Photo-copier identification
- Examinations of computer generated documents for signs of alteration, or possible authentication problems, etc.
Some typical forensic visualization techniques might be:
- Traditional (visible spectrum) imaging
- Traditional copy, macro & photo-micrographic imaging - to include specialized lighting techniques
- Visible spectrum filter work for color drop or gain
- Reflected infrared and infrared luminescent imaging (above the 700nm wavelength) for faded and obliterated documents, ink (and paper) differentiation and charred documents.
- Reflected ultraviolet (below 400nm) and ultraviolet fluorescent imaging (ultraviolet exitation with visible wavelength capture) for paper examination, ink differentiation, signs of alterations, etc.
- Transmitted light imaging for watermark identification
- Oblique light imaging for disturbances and indented writing
If we may be of service to you in this field, please contact us at: docexams@forensicimaging.com.
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